Want to understand subjects, objects, pronouns, and personal pronouns in English? This guide provides complete explanations in both English and Urdu, making it perfect for beginners. Learn all about these important grammar concepts, from A to Z, to improve your understanding and usage.
Subject (فاعل)
The subject is the part of a sentence about which something is stated.
کسی فقرے کا وہ حصہ جس کے متعلق کوئی بات بیان کی جائے، فاعل کہلاتا ہے مثلاً
Saleem bought a car.
اس فقرے میں
Saleem
کو ہم فاعل کہیں گے کیونکہ
Saleem
کے متعلق بتایا گیا ہے کہ اس نے کار خریدی ہے۔
Object (مفعول)
Object is the part of the verb on which some action has been done.
کسی فقرے کا وہ حصہ جس پر کوئی کام واقع ہو، انگریزی میں
Object
کہلاتا ہے۔
Saleem bought a car.
اوپر والے فقرے میں
A car
کو
Object
کہا جائے گا۔
Pronoun (اسم ضمیر)
A pronoun is a word used; in place of a noun that always comes before it.
E.g. Aslam is a student of the 10th class.
He is in the good books of his teacher.
جو لفظ کسی شخص، جگہ یا چیز کے نام کی جگہ استعمال کیا جائے تو اس کو اسم ضمیر کہتے ہیں۔
اگر کسی
Noun
کو باربار استعمال کیا جائے تو یہ برا دکھائی دیتا ہے۔
اس لیئے
Noun-pronoun
کو بار بار استعمال کرنے سے بچاتا ہے۔
Personal Pronoun (اسم ضمیر شخصی)
A personal pronoun is so-called because it stands for:
- The person speaking (متکلم) as I, we ( First-person )
- The person spoke (مخاطب) as, you ( Second person )
- The person spoken of (غائب) as he, she, it (جس کے متعلق بات ہورہی ہو) Third person
Solved Examples:
- I am going to Lahore. (صیغہ واحد متکلم)
We are going to Lahore. (صیغہ جمع متکلم)
The pronouns I, we refer to the speaking person and are called first person.
- I shall punish you. (صیغہ واحد، جمع حاضر)
- She has left for Lahore. (صیغہ واحد غائب)
They bought a pencil from the market.
The pronouns, he, she, it, and they refer to the pronouns or things spoken of and are called third-person pronouns.
Personal Pronouns
| Number | Person | Subject | Object |
| Singular | First | I | Me |
| Singular | Second | You | You |
| Singular | Third | He, she, it | Him, her, it |
| Plural | First | We | Us |
| Plural | Second | You | You |
| Plural | Third | They | Them |
Personal Pronoun
عام طور پر تین حالتوں میں استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔
- Subjective Case (فاعلی حالت)
I, we, you, he, she, it, they
For Example:
- I am going to Lahore.
- We are leaving for Lahore.
- Objective Case (مفعولی حالت)
Me, it
For Example: Give me a book.
- He loves his cat and cannot live without it.
- It is a big room.
- Possessive Case (اضافی یا ملکیتی حالت)
مندرجہ ذیل الفاظ ملکیت کو ظاہر کرنے کیلئے استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔
My, our, mine, ours, your, yours, his, her, hers, theirs.
Examples:
- This is my book.
- This book is mine.
- This is our
- I like your
- It is his
Note:
Its
کے ساتھ کوئی
Apostrophe
استعمال نہیں ہوتی۔
Its
کو
It’s
لکھنا غلط ہے۔
| Incorrect | Correct |
| It’s | Its |
| Your’s | Yours |
| Your’s obediently | Yours obediently |
